Scientific Progress & Knowledge
Humanoid robots are arguably well
suited to this. Sharing a similar
morphology, they can
communicate in a manner that
supports the natural communi-
cation modalities of humans.
Examples include facial expression,
body posture, gesture, gaze
direction, and voice. The ability for
people to naturally communicate
with these machines is important.
The robot has been designed to
support several social cues and ...
skills that could ultimately play an
important role in socially situated
learning with a human instructor.
The Sociable Machines Project
develops an expressive anthropo-
morphic robot called Kismet that
engages people in natural and
expressive face-to-face interaction.
This work integrates theories and
concepts from these diverse view-
points to enable Kismet to enter
into natural and intuitive social
interaction with a human caregiver
and to learn from them,
reminiscent of parent-infant
exchanges.
This research project was done by
Breazeal, C. and Scassellati, B. at
MIT.
suited to this. Sharing a similar
morphology, they can
communicate in a manner that
supports the natural communi-
cation modalities of humans.
Examples include facial expression,
body posture, gesture, gaze
direction, and voice. The ability for
people to naturally communicate
with these machines is important.
The robot has been designed to
support several social cues and ...
skills that could ultimately play an
important role in socially situated
learning with a human instructor.
The Sociable Machines Project
develops an expressive anthropo-
morphic robot called Kismet that
engages people in natural and
expressive face-to-face interaction.
This work integrates theories and
concepts from these diverse view-
points to enable Kismet to enter
into natural and intuitive social
interaction with a human caregiver
and to learn from them,
reminiscent of parent-infant
exchanges.
This research project was done by
Breazeal, C. and Scassellati, B. at
MIT.
happy
calm
interest
surprise
sad
angry
disgust
THE ARRIVAL OF MIND-
READING MACHINES
With the aid of functional
magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI), neuroscientists have
been hard at work on this
fantasy. Under controlled
conditions, they can tell from a
brain scan which of two images
you're looking at. They can tell
whether you're thinking of a
face, an animal, or a scene. They
can even tell which finger you're
about to move.
But those feats barely scratch
the brain's surface. Any animal
can perceive objects and move
limbs. To plumb the soul, you
need a metaphysician. John
Dylan Haynes, a brilliant
researcher at Germany's Bern-
stein Center for Computational
Neuroscience, is leading the way.
His mission, according to the
center, is to predict thoughts
and behavior from fMRI scans.
I know what you're thinking:
Why would anyone want a
machine to read his mind? But
imagine being paralyzed, unable
to walk, type, or speak. Imagine
a helmet full of electrodes, or a
chip implanted in your head, that
lets your brain tell your compu-
ter which key to press. Those
technologies are already here.
And why endure the agony of
mental hunt-and-peck? Why not
design computers that, like a
smart secretary, can discern and
execute even abstract inten-
tions? That's what Haynes has in
mind. You want to open a folder
or an e-mail, and your computer
does it. Your wish is its
command.
But if machines can read your
mind when you want them to,
they can also read it when you
don't. And your will isn't
necessarily the one they obey.
Already, scans have been used
to identify brain signatures of
disgust, drug cravings,
unconscious racism, and
suppressed sexual arousal, not
to mention psychopathy and
propensity to kill.
Haynes understands the
objection to these scans— he
calls it "mental privacy"— but he
buys only half of it. He doesn't
like the idea of companies
scanning job applicants for
loyalty or scanning customers
for reactions to products (an
emerging practice known as
neuro-marketing). But where
criminal justice is at stake, as in
the case of lie detection, he's for
using the technology. Ruling it
out, he argues, would "deny the
innocent people the ability to
prove their innocence" and
would "only protect the people
who are guilty."
FMRI is just the first stage.
Electrodes, infrared spectro-
scopy, and subtler magnetic
imaging are next. Scanners will
shrink. Image resolution and
pattern-recognition software will
improve.
But don't count out free will. To
make human choice predictable,
you first have to constrain it so
that it's not really free. That's
why Haynes confined his
participants to arithmetic, gave
them only two options, and
forbade them to change their
minds. They could have wrecked
his experiment by defying any of
those conditions. So could you
(deny it), if somebody came at
you with a scanner or an
electrode helmet (in an attempt)
to look into your soul and get
the right answer.
William Saletan
READING MACHINES
With the aid of functional
magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI), neuroscientists have
been hard at work on this
fantasy. Under controlled
conditions, they can tell from a
brain scan which of two images
you're looking at. They can tell
whether you're thinking of a
face, an animal, or a scene. They
can even tell which finger you're
about to move.
But those feats barely scratch
the brain's surface. Any animal
can perceive objects and move
limbs. To plumb the soul, you
need a metaphysician. John
Dylan Haynes, a brilliant
researcher at Germany's Bern-
stein Center for Computational
Neuroscience, is leading the way.
His mission, according to the
center, is to predict thoughts
and behavior from fMRI scans.
I know what you're thinking:
Why would anyone want a
machine to read his mind? But
imagine being paralyzed, unable
to walk, type, or speak. Imagine
a helmet full of electrodes, or a
chip implanted in your head, that
lets your brain tell your compu-
ter which key to press. Those
technologies are already here.
And why endure the agony of
mental hunt-and-peck? Why not
design computers that, like a
smart secretary, can discern and
execute even abstract inten-
tions? That's what Haynes has in
mind. You want to open a folder
or an e-mail, and your computer
does it. Your wish is its
command.
But if machines can read your
mind when you want them to,
they can also read it when you
don't. And your will isn't
necessarily the one they obey.
Already, scans have been used
to identify brain signatures of
disgust, drug cravings,
unconscious racism, and
suppressed sexual arousal, not
to mention psychopathy and
propensity to kill.
Haynes understands the
objection to these scans— he
calls it "mental privacy"— but he
buys only half of it. He doesn't
like the idea of companies
scanning job applicants for
loyalty or scanning customers
for reactions to products (an
emerging practice known as
neuro-marketing). But where
criminal justice is at stake, as in
the case of lie detection, he's for
using the technology. Ruling it
out, he argues, would "deny the
innocent people the ability to
prove their innocence" and
would "only protect the people
who are guilty."
FMRI is just the first stage.
Electrodes, infrared spectro-
scopy, and subtler magnetic
imaging are next. Scanners will
shrink. Image resolution and
pattern-recognition software will
improve.
But don't count out free will. To
make human choice predictable,
you first have to constrain it so
that it's not really free. That's
why Haynes confined his
participants to arithmetic, gave
them only two options, and
forbade them to change their
minds. They could have wrecked
his experiment by defying any of
those conditions. So could you
(deny it), if somebody came at
you with a scanner or an
electrode helmet (in an attempt)
to look into your soul and get
the right answer.
William Saletan
Some truths and their
discovery are the
following:
Truth are stranger than fictions
Extraterrestrials, UFO, aliens
Robot, droid, thinking machine
Computer, technology, and
Virtual reality
Artificial Intelligence v.s.
Human Wisdom
Fascinating scientific discoveries
about the Truths
Cosmic Energy
Sharing your thoughts and
experiences
More to come...
Consciousness, Microtubules and
The Quantum World
....Consciousness defines our existence and
reality, but the mechanism by which the brain
generates thoughts and feelings remains
unknown.
Most explanations portray the brain as a com-
puter, with nerve cells ("neurons") and their
synaptic connections acting as simple switches.
However computation alone cannot explain
why we have feelings and awareness, an "inner
life."
My main interest was consciousness, or the
brain-mind problem. I spent twenty years
studying how computer-like structures called
microtubules inside neurons and other cells
could process information related to
conscious- ness. Roger Penrose and I teamed
up to develop a theory of consciousness based
on quantum computation in microtubules
within neurons.
Consciousness may be a specific process
on the edge between the quantum world
and classical world. I think of consciousness
as our "inner life" — a series of multimodal
integrated experiences. At a certain level, when
you get enough neural cells containing enough
microtubules, a sense of self emerges.
The important concept of "self", another facet
of consciousness, is that we have a unitary
sense of self. Despite the fact that in any given
instant we may have a hundred billion neurons
firing all over the brain, we somehow have a
sense of oneness. The more I learn about
reality, the more unreal it becomes. I
believe in the universe. I think we are
connected to it at a fundamental level.
Stuart Hameroff, MD.
Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ
The Quantum World
....Consciousness defines our existence and
reality, but the mechanism by which the brain
generates thoughts and feelings remains
unknown.
Most explanations portray the brain as a com-
puter, with nerve cells ("neurons") and their
synaptic connections acting as simple switches.
However computation alone cannot explain
why we have feelings and awareness, an "inner
life."
My main interest was consciousness, or the
brain-mind problem. I spent twenty years
studying how computer-like structures called
microtubules inside neurons and other cells
could process information related to
conscious- ness. Roger Penrose and I teamed
up to develop a theory of consciousness based
on quantum computation in microtubules
within neurons.
Consciousness may be a specific process
on the edge between the quantum world
and classical world. I think of consciousness
as our "inner life" — a series of multimodal
integrated experiences. At a certain level, when
you get enough neural cells containing enough
microtubules, a sense of self emerges.
The important concept of "self", another facet
of consciousness, is that we have a unitary
sense of self. Despite the fact that in any given
instant we may have a hundred billion neurons
firing all over the brain, we somehow have a
sense of oneness. The more I learn about
reality, the more unreal it becomes. I
believe in the universe. I think we are
connected to it at a fundamental level.
Stuart Hameroff, MD.
Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ
Military Robots of the Future
Since Robby the Robot first appeared on screen
in 1956’s Forbidden Planet, science fiction in
print, film and on television has pushed the limits
of our imagination regarding machines of the
future and their abilities to perform human tasks.
From Star Wars to The Terminator, Junkyard
Wars and Robot Warriors, our glimpse at the
potential for tomorrow has amazed and
sometimes stunned us.
Well, get ready. The future may be closer than
you think. Project Alpha, a U.S. Joint Forces
Command rapid idea analysis group, is in the
midst of a study focusing on the concept of
developing and employing robots that would be
capable of replacing humans to perform many, if
not most combat functions on the battlefield.
The study, appropriately titled, “Unmanned
Effects: Taking the Human out of the Loop,”
suggests that by as early as 2025, the presence
of autonomous robots, networked and
integrated, on the battlefield might not be the
exception, but, in fact, the norm.
The vision that Gordon Johnson, the Unmanned
Effects Team leader for Project Alpha, wants the
study to articulate outlines the many useful
capabilities that will be available in robots before
2025. Characteristics of a tactical autonomous
combatant (TAC) would include the ability to
work in ground, air, space, or undersea
environments, and in harsh conditions such as
extreme heat or cold. In addition, TACs, unlike
humans, would be able to operate in chemically,
biologically, or radiologically contaminated
environments.
“We call them tactical autonomous combatants
because they will operate largely autonomously
with some limited human supervision,” explained
Johnson. “We’re talking about, where we can and
where we have the capability of replacing
humans. We’re not talking about the operational
level or strategic level, but at the tactical level, still
using humans where we need to. Using adjust-
able autonomy or supervised autonomy, humans
will still have to interact with the machines and
help guide them.”
“The robots will take on a wide variety of forms,
probably none of which will look like humans,”
explained Dr. Russ Richards, Project Alpha’s
director. “Thus, don’t envision androids like those
seen in movies. The robots will take on forms that
will optimize their use for the roles and missions
they will perform.
Some will look like vehicles. Some will
look like airplanes. .Some will look like
insects or animals or other objects in an
attempt to camouflage or to deceive the
adversary. Some will have no physical form
– software intelligent agents or cyberbots.”
Perhaps an even larger imperative is that the
United States is not the only nation that
recognizes the future of integrated battlefield
robotics.
“We believe that other countries or groups will
pursue robotics,” Richards said. “We can be at
the vanguard, or we can lag behind and some
day have to oppose a lethal robotic force. Better
to be in the lead.”
From U.S. Joint Forces Command
Since Robby the Robot first appeared on screen
in 1956’s Forbidden Planet, science fiction in
print, film and on television has pushed the limits
of our imagination regarding machines of the
future and their abilities to perform human tasks.
From Star Wars to The Terminator, Junkyard
Wars and Robot Warriors, our glimpse at the
potential for tomorrow has amazed and
sometimes stunned us.
Well, get ready. The future may be closer than
you think. Project Alpha, a U.S. Joint Forces
Command rapid idea analysis group, is in the
midst of a study focusing on the concept of
developing and employing robots that would be
capable of replacing humans to perform many, if
not most combat functions on the battlefield.
The study, appropriately titled, “Unmanned
Effects: Taking the Human out of the Loop,”
suggests that by as early as 2025, the presence
of autonomous robots, networked and
integrated, on the battlefield might not be the
exception, but, in fact, the norm.
The vision that Gordon Johnson, the Unmanned
Effects Team leader for Project Alpha, wants the
study to articulate outlines the many useful
capabilities that will be available in robots before
2025. Characteristics of a tactical autonomous
combatant (TAC) would include the ability to
work in ground, air, space, or undersea
environments, and in harsh conditions such as
extreme heat or cold. In addition, TACs, unlike
humans, would be able to operate in chemically,
biologically, or radiologically contaminated
environments.
“We call them tactical autonomous combatants
because they will operate largely autonomously
with some limited human supervision,” explained
Johnson. “We’re talking about, where we can and
where we have the capability of replacing
humans. We’re not talking about the operational
level or strategic level, but at the tactical level, still
using humans where we need to. Using adjust-
able autonomy or supervised autonomy, humans
will still have to interact with the machines and
help guide them.”
“The robots will take on a wide variety of forms,
probably none of which will look like humans,”
explained Dr. Russ Richards, Project Alpha’s
director. “Thus, don’t envision androids like those
seen in movies. The robots will take on forms that
will optimize their use for the roles and missions
they will perform.
Some will look like vehicles. Some will
look like airplanes. .Some will look like
insects or animals or other objects in an
attempt to camouflage or to deceive the
adversary. Some will have no physical form
– software intelligent agents or cyberbots.”
Perhaps an even larger imperative is that the
United States is not the only nation that
recognizes the future of integrated battlefield
robotics.
“We believe that other countries or groups will
pursue robotics,” Richards said. “We can be at
the vanguard, or we can lag behind and some
day have to oppose a lethal robotic force. Better
to be in the lead.”
From U.S. Joint Forces Command
The image for Endless Universe is a
"double-Klein bottle" decorated with images
representing a big bang and cosmic evolution in
each "bulb." The Klein bottle is a hypothetical
surface whose inside connects to its outside and
back to its inside again. (If you are familiar with
the Moebius strip, in which a strip of paper is
twisted and reconnected to itself so that one
side connects to the other and back again, then
the Klein bottle is a generalization to a higher
dimension.)
In the image, two Klein bottles interconnect
with one another. This gives the appearance of
an hour-glass, remind us that the nature of time
is a central aspect of the cyclic universe. From
certain vantage points, the thin arms of the
double-Klein bottle form the symbol for infinity,
reminding us that the cycles may continue
forever.
"double-Klein bottle" decorated with images
representing a big bang and cosmic evolution in
each "bulb." The Klein bottle is a hypothetical
surface whose inside connects to its outside and
back to its inside again. (If you are familiar with
the Moebius strip, in which a strip of paper is
twisted and reconnected to itself so that one
side connects to the other and back again, then
the Klein bottle is a generalization to a higher
dimension.)
In the image, two Klein bottles interconnect
with one another. This gives the appearance of
an hour-glass, remind us that the nature of time
is a central aspect of the cyclic universe. From
certain vantage points, the thin arms of the
double-Klein bottle form the symbol for infinity,
reminding us that the cycles may continue
forever.
For questions that you wanted to find out more
about "The Matrix" movies but could not find
them in "The Matrix" trilogy, you can discover
several conclusions in this sci-fi novel, "The
Quantum Matrix".
Read this exciting sci-fi novel.
Click here to buy this eBook.
about "The Matrix" movies but could not find
them in "The Matrix" trilogy, you can discover
several conclusions in this sci-fi novel, "The
Quantum Matrix".
Read this exciting sci-fi novel.
Click here to buy this eBook.
"He was moving through a
new order of creation of
which few men ever
dreamed. Beyond the
realms of sea and land and
air and space lay the realms
of fire, which he alone had
been privileged to glimpse.
It was much too much to
expect that he would also
understand."
—Arthur C. Clarke,
2001: A Space Odyssey
new order of creation of
which few men ever
dreamed. Beyond the
realms of sea and land and
air and space lay the realms
of fire, which he alone had
been privileged to glimpse.
It was much too much to
expect that he would also
understand."
—Arthur C. Clarke,
2001: A Space Odyssey
Endless Universe
Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok investigated a
new, transdimensional view of space and time
that challenges the conventional history of the
universe. They present their case that string
theory gives a more complete account of our
origins.
In this account, the big bang came about
through the collision of two membrane- thick
strings called "branes." Our universe sits on
one brane, which floats parallel to the other,
unseen one. Every few trillion years, the two
branes approach each other; when they collide,
a flash of radiation annihilates everything in
both, kick-starting the creation process all over
again. Their new theory has little chance of
being confirmed experimentally in the
foreseeable future, but many who eventually
embraced the big bang will doubtless find the
notion of cyclic universes and parallel worlds
attractive.
Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok investigated a
new, transdimensional view of space and time
that challenges the conventional history of the
universe. They present their case that string
theory gives a more complete account of our
origins.
In this account, the big bang came about
through the collision of two membrane- thick
strings called "branes." Our universe sits on
one brane, which floats parallel to the other,
unseen one. Every few trillion years, the two
branes approach each other; when they collide,
a flash of radiation annihilates everything in
both, kick-starting the creation process all over
again. Their new theory has little chance of
being confirmed experimentally in the
foreseeable future, but many who eventually
embraced the big bang will doubtless find the
notion of cyclic universes and parallel worlds
attractive.
We have two theories to understand the history
of the cosmos, the conventional Big Bang
Theory and the String Theory. The two theories
have a lot in common. They both agree that the
universe has been expanding and cooling over
the last 14 billion years and they agree on how
galaxies and stars formed.
In both theories, the part of the universe we
observe is tiny patch of a much larger, perhaps
infinite space. In the conventional Big Bang
theory, different parts of the universe have
widely different physical properties and, some
theorists believe, different laws. According to
this idea, the properties of the region of the
universe we observe are highly atypical of the
universe on average and are set by random
chance.
Recent developments in fundamental physics –
namely, string theory – offered a radically new
view of the big bang itself – not as a beginning
but rather as a collision of two parallel worlds
along an extra invisible dimension.
of the cosmos, the conventional Big Bang
Theory and the String Theory. The two theories
have a lot in common. They both agree that the
universe has been expanding and cooling over
the last 14 billion years and they agree on how
galaxies and stars formed.
In both theories, the part of the universe we
observe is tiny patch of a much larger, perhaps
infinite space. In the conventional Big Bang
theory, different parts of the universe have
widely different physical properties and, some
theorists believe, different laws. According to
this idea, the properties of the region of the
universe we observe are highly atypical of the
universe on average and are set by random
chance.
Recent developments in fundamental physics –
namely, string theory – offered a radically new
view of the big bang itself – not as a beginning
but rather as a collision of two parallel worlds
along an extra invisible dimension.
Sociable
humanoid
robots pose a
dramatic and intriguing
shift in the way one
thinks about control of
autonomous robots.
Traditionally, auto-
nomous robots are
designed to operate as
independently and
remotely as possible
from humans, often
performing tasks in
hazardous and hostile
environments.
However, a new range
of application domains
(domestic, entertain-
ment, health care, etc.)
are driving the deve-
lopment of robots that
can interact and
cooperate with people,
and play a part in their
daily lives.
humanoid
robots pose a
dramatic and intriguing
shift in the way one
thinks about control of
autonomous robots.
Traditionally, auto-
nomous robots are
designed to operate as
independently and
remotely as possible
from humans, often
performing tasks in
hazardous and hostile
environments.
However, a new range
of application domains
(domestic, entertain-
ment, health care, etc.)
are driving the deve-
lopment of robots that
can interact and
cooperate with people,
and play a part in their
daily lives.
Copyright © 2009 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved.
"Mind and intelligence
are woven into the
fabric of the universe"
- Freeman Dyson
are woven into the
fabric of the universe"
- Freeman Dyson
Are we "plugged in" to the
universe?
Human thought and consciousness
involved quantum theory and it has
to do with reality.
What is reality? We have this view
of reality as concreteness - the
desk is here, the pencil is there, and
so forth. But if you look at what
our universe is made of, if you look
at atoms or subatomic particles
various experiments tell us that
they exist, at least some of the time
— not as particles, but as waves. So
all the components of your body
and everything in this room, if
taken by themselves under the
right conditions, aren't in any one
definite place at any one time. They
are actually spread out over space,
and are best described by a
probability distribution. What this
means is that mass is not the
concrete stuff that we are used to,
and can switch back and forth to a
wave-like state.
Yet in our world, things are definite.
Things are concrete and real and
specific. Everyone agrees that small
things can be wave-like, and
described by a quantum wave
function, but large things are
concrete. So where is the
transition? What causes things to
become particle-like and definite?
This transition is called reduction,
or collapse of the wave function.
There has as yet been no
completely satisfactory answer to
this problem.
Another important aspect of quan-
tum theory is that once two parti-
cles have interacted, even if they
appear to go their separate ways,
they remain connected. There is
this nonlocal connectedness.
Distance doesn't matter and time
doesn't matter. This is called
"quantum non-locality" or
"quantum coherence." This feature
has been proposed to explain the
binding problem in vision and in
"self".
This paradoxical confusion may be
resolved by Roger Penrose's
"objective reduction." Roger takes
quantum superposition seriously,
as an actual separation of mass
from itself. To understand that, he
claims, we must consider the
underlying space-time geometry
which comprises the universe— the
most basic level of reality. This
forces one to think about what the
universe is actually made of.
So we have this picture of empty
space at its most basic level being
highly dynamic and perhaps
organized. As we go up in scale,
what about mass, or objects?
According to Einstein’s general
relativity, mass, or gravity, is
curvature in space-time — the
larger an object, the greater the
curvature of space-time.
In physics, time can go backwards
or forwards and physicists normally
think of "space-time" as a four-
dimensional continuum. But what is
space-time at its most basic level?
What is reality way below the level
of atoms, way below the level of
quarks? What is the empty space of
the universe? Where are we?
Various experiments have shown
that as one gets down to a size
scale of 10-33 centimeters, space-
time geometry is no longer smooth,
but "granular", or quantized.
Branches of quantum theory have
predicted that at this level—which is
called the Planck scale— quantum
particle/waves known as virtual
photons continuously pop into and
out of existence. This is often
envisioned as churning quantum
fluctuations—the "quantum foam"—
which impart dynamic structure
and measurable energy. This
baseline energy of the universe is
called zero point energy and was
recently measured and verified. The
universe is, in some sense, alive.
The question now is whether this
zero point energy is random, or has
some organized form or patterns.
Is there information at that level?
If so, is consciousness somehow
connected to it? Are we
"plugged in" to the universe?
Stuart Hameroff, MD
universe?
Human thought and consciousness
involved quantum theory and it has
to do with reality.
What is reality? We have this view
of reality as concreteness - the
desk is here, the pencil is there, and
so forth. But if you look at what
our universe is made of, if you look
at atoms or subatomic particles
various experiments tell us that
they exist, at least some of the time
— not as particles, but as waves. So
all the components of your body
and everything in this room, if
taken by themselves under the
right conditions, aren't in any one
definite place at any one time. They
are actually spread out over space,
and are best described by a
probability distribution. What this
means is that mass is not the
concrete stuff that we are used to,
and can switch back and forth to a
wave-like state.
Yet in our world, things are definite.
Things are concrete and real and
specific. Everyone agrees that small
things can be wave-like, and
described by a quantum wave
function, but large things are
concrete. So where is the
transition? What causes things to
become particle-like and definite?
This transition is called reduction,
or collapse of the wave function.
There has as yet been no
completely satisfactory answer to
this problem.
Another important aspect of quan-
tum theory is that once two parti-
cles have interacted, even if they
appear to go their separate ways,
they remain connected. There is
this nonlocal connectedness.
Distance doesn't matter and time
doesn't matter. This is called
"quantum non-locality" or
"quantum coherence." This feature
has been proposed to explain the
binding problem in vision and in
"self".
This paradoxical confusion may be
resolved by Roger Penrose's
"objective reduction." Roger takes
quantum superposition seriously,
as an actual separation of mass
from itself. To understand that, he
claims, we must consider the
underlying space-time geometry
which comprises the universe— the
most basic level of reality. This
forces one to think about what the
universe is actually made of.
So we have this picture of empty
space at its most basic level being
highly dynamic and perhaps
organized. As we go up in scale,
what about mass, or objects?
According to Einstein’s general
relativity, mass, or gravity, is
curvature in space-time — the
larger an object, the greater the
curvature of space-time.
In physics, time can go backwards
or forwards and physicists normally
think of "space-time" as a four-
dimensional continuum. But what is
space-time at its most basic level?
What is reality way below the level
of atoms, way below the level of
quarks? What is the empty space of
the universe? Where are we?
Various experiments have shown
that as one gets down to a size
scale of 10-33 centimeters, space-
time geometry is no longer smooth,
but "granular", or quantized.
Branches of quantum theory have
predicted that at this level—which is
called the Planck scale— quantum
particle/waves known as virtual
photons continuously pop into and
out of existence. This is often
envisioned as churning quantum
fluctuations—the "quantum foam"—
which impart dynamic structure
and measurable energy. This
baseline energy of the universe is
called zero point energy and was
recently measured and verified. The
universe is, in some sense, alive.
The question now is whether this
zero point energy is random, or has
some organized form or patterns.
Is there information at that level?
If so, is consciousness somehow
connected to it? Are we
"plugged in" to the universe?
Stuart Hameroff, MD
Copyright © 2007-2009 Quantum Matrix. All rights reserved.
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The QUANTUM MATRIX
EXTRAORDINARY CONTACT
THE LAST DIMENSION OF EMPIRES
A new legend begins.
The old threat still exists.
The final all-out war between
humans and machines
seems inevitable.
The last hope for humanity
is to discover the Quantum
Matrix.
The old threat still exists.
The final all-out war between
humans and machines
seems inevitable.
The last hope for humanity
is to discover the Quantum
Matrix.
Book title: The Quantum Matrix : (307 pages)
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